Technical Blog
Deep dives into telecom protocols, troubleshooting guides, and engineering insights.
DNS and APN Resolution in EPC: The Lookup Behind Every Attach
Before the first bearer exists, the MME has to find a PGW — and it finds it with DNS. NAPTR, SRV and one zero-padded MNC decide whether an attach succeeds or dies with 'Missing or unknown APN'.
PFCP on N4: How the SMF Really Controls the UPF
The session is up in the SMF, but the UPF drops everything. PFCP is the only channel between them — and most outages are a missing or mismatched rule, not a protocol failure.
Gy Interface Deep Dive: The Complete Guide to Online Charging
Master the Gy online charging interface — DCCA protocol, SCUR/ECUR/IEC modes, CCR/CCA message flows, AVP definitions, quota management, and practical troubleshooting for PGW/UGW and OCS.
Wireshark for PS Core Engineers: Installation, Setup & Fundamentals
A practical guide covering Wireshark basics, PS Core architecture, installation on Linux, Windows, macOS, UI overview, capture methods, display and capture filters.
Wireshark Protocol Deep Dive: GTP, Diameter, SIP, SCTP, S1AP & Advanced Tools
Master Wireshark protocol analysis for PS Core: GTP, Diameter, SIP, SCTP, S1AP, PCAP operations, tshark CLI, statistics, and troubleshooting.
Wireshark Troubleshooting Guide for PS Core: Filters, Scenarios & Best Practices
Complete Wireshark filter reference and troubleshooting guide for PS Core — GTP, Diameter, SIP, S1AP, SCTP, practical scenarios, advanced tips, and Huawei commands.
Understanding GTP-C Signaling in PS Core Networks
A deep dive into GTP-C (GPRS Tunneling Protocol - Control Plane) signaling, message flows, and troubleshooting in Huawei PS Core equipment.
Diameter Signaling in LTE Charging: Gx, Gy, and OCS Deep Dive
Complete guide to Diameter protocol usage in LTE networks — Gx interface for policy control, Gy for online charging, and OCS integration.
Wireshark Filters Every PS Core Engineer Should Know
Essential Wireshark display filters for troubleshooting GTP, Diameter, PFCP, and common PS Core signaling issues.
5G Core SBA: Troubleshooting Service-Based Architecture
Practical guide to troubleshooting 5G Core SBA — NRF discovery, HTTP/2 failures, and AMF/SMF/UPF issues.
Understanding 5G Core Architecture
Deep dive into AMF, SMF and UPF — how the service-based 5G Core splits control and user plane, how registration and PDU sessions actually flow, and how each function maps to the EPC you already know.
Huawei UGW APN Configuration Best Practices
Step-by-step guide to configuring APN profiles on Huawei UGW — PDN types, QoS, charging rules, and common pitfalls.
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